Redis hashes
Introduction to Redis hashes
Redis hashes are record types structured as collections of field-value pairs.
You can use hashes to represent basic objects and to store groupings of counters, among other things.
>_ Redis CLI
> HSET bike:1 model Deimos brand Ergonom type 'Enduro bikes' price 4972
(integer) 4
> HGET bike:1 model
"Deimos"
> HGET bike:1 price
"4972"
> HGETALL bike:1
1) "model"
2) "Deimos"
3) "brand"
4) "Ergonom"
5) "type"
6) "Enduro bikes"
7) "price"
8) "4972"
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Python
"""
Code samples for Hash doc pages:
https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/data-types/hashes/
"""
import redis
r = redis . Redis ( decode_responses = True )
res1 = r . hset (
"bike:1" ,
mapping = {
"model" : "Deimos" ,
"brand" : "Ergonom" ,
"type" : "Enduro bikes" ,
"price" : 4972 ,
},
)
print ( res1 )
# >>> 4
res2 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" )
print ( res2 )
# >>> 'Deimos'
res3 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" )
print ( res3 )
# >>> '4972'
res4 = r . hgetall ( "bike:1" )
print ( res4 )
# >>> {'model': 'Deimos', 'brand': 'Ergonom', 'type': 'Enduro bikes', 'price': '4972'}
res5 = r . hmget ( "bike:1" , [ "model" , "price" ])
print ( res5 )
# >>> ['Deimos', '4972']
res6 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 )
print ( res6 )
# >>> 5072
res7 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 )
print ( res7 )
# >>> 4972
res11 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res11 )
# >>> 1
res12 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res12 )
# >>> 2
res13 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res13 )
# >>> 3
res14 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 )
print ( res14 )
# >>> 1
res15 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 )
print ( res15 )
# >>> 1
res16 = r . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" )
print ( res16 )
# >>> 3
res17 = r . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , [ "crashes" , "owners" ])
print ( res17 )
# >>> ['1', '1']
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Node.js
import assert from 'assert' ;
import { createClient } from 'redis' ;
const client = createClient ();
await client . connect ();
const res1 = await client . hSet (
'bike:1' ,
{
'model' : 'Deimos' ,
'brand' : 'Ergonom' ,
'type' : 'Enduro bikes' ,
'price' : 4972 ,
}
)
console . log ( res1 ) // 4
const res2 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'model' )
console . log ( res2 ) // 'Deimos'
const res3 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'price' )
console . log ( res3 ) // '4972'
const res4 = await client . hGetAll ( 'bike:1' )
console . log ( res4 )
/*
{
brand: 'Ergonom',
model: 'Deimos',
price: '4972',
type: 'Enduro bikes'
}
*/
const res5 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1' , [ 'model' , 'price' ])
console . log ( res5 ) // ['Deimos', '4972']
const res6 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , 100 )
console . log ( res6 ) // 5072
const res7 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , - 100 )
console . log ( res7 ) // 4972
const res11 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res11 ) // 1
const res12 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res12 ) // 2
const res13 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res13 ) // 3
const res14 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'crashes' , 1 )
console . log ( res14 ) // 1
const res15 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'owners' , 1 )
console . log ( res15 ) // 1
const res16 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' )
console . log ( res16 ) // 3
const res17 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , [ 'crashes' , 'owners' ])
console . log ( res17 ) // ['1', '1']
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Java
package io.redis.examples ;
import redis.clients.jedis.UnifiedJedis ;
import java.util.HashMap ;
import java.util.List ;
import java.util.Map ;
public class HashExample {
public void run () {
try ( UnifiedJedis jedis = new UnifiedJedis ( "redis://localhost:6379" )) {
Map < String , String > bike1 = new HashMap <>();
bike1 . put ( "model" , "Deimos" );
bike1 . put ( "brand" , "Ergonom" );
bike1 . put ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" );
bike1 . put ( "price" , "4972" );
Long res1 = jedis . hset ( "bike:1" , bike1 );
System . out . println ( res1 ); // 4
String res2 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" );
System . out . println ( res2 ); // Deimos
String res3 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res3 ); // 4972
Map < String , String > res4 = jedis . hgetAll ( "bike:1" );
System . out . println ( res4 ); // {type=Enduro bikes, brand=Ergonom, price=4972, model=Deimos}
List < String > res5 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1" , "model" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res5 ); // [Deimos, 4972]
Long res6 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
System . out . println ( res6 ); // 5072
Long res7 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
System . out . println ( res7 ); // 4972
Long res8 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res8 ); // 1
Long res9 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res9 ); // 2
Long res10 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res10 ); // 3
Long res11 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res11 ); // 1
Long res12 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res12 ); // 1
String res13 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" );
System . out . println ( res13 ); // 3
List < String > res14 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , "owners" );
System . out . println ( res14 ); // [1, 1]
}
}
}
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C#
using NRedisStack.Tests ;
using StackExchange.Redis ;
public class HashExample
{
[SkipIfRedis(Is.OSSCluster)]
public void run ()
{
var muxer = ConnectionMultiplexer . Connect ( "localhost:6379" );
var db = muxer . GetDatabase ();
db . KeyDelete ( "bike:1" );
db . HashSet ( "bike:1" , new HashEntry []
{
new HashEntry ( "model" , "Deimos" ),
new HashEntry ( "brand" , "Ergonom" ),
new HashEntry ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" ),
new HashEntry ( "price" , 4972 )
});
Console . WriteLine ( "Hash Created" );
// Hash Created
var model = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "model" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Model: {model}" );
// Model: Deimos
var price = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "price" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Price: {price}" );
// Price: 4972
var bike = db . HashGetAll ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( "\n" , bike . Select ( b => $"{b.Name}: {b.Value}" )));
// Bike:1:
// model: Deimos
// brand: Ergonom
// type: Enduro bikes
// price: 4972
var values = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "model" , "price" });
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( " " , values ));
// Deimos 4972
var newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 5072
newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 4972
var rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 1
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 2
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 3
var crashes = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "crashes" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Crashes: {crashes}" );
// Crashes: 1
var owners = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "owners" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Owners: {owners}" );
// Owners: 1
var stats = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "crashes" , "owners" });
Console . WriteLine ( $"Bike stats: crashes={stats[0]}, owners={stats[1]}" );
// Bike stats: crashes=1, owners=1
}
}
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While hashes are handy to represent objects , actually the number of fields you can
put inside a hash has no practical limits (other than available memory), so you can use
hashes in many different ways inside your application.
The command HSET
sets multiple fields of the hash, while HGET
retrieves
a single field. HMGET
is similar to HGET
but returns an array of values:
>_ Redis CLI
> HMGET bike:1 model price no-such-field
1) "Deimos"
2) "4972"
3) (nil)
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Python
"""
Code samples for Hash doc pages:
https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/data-types/hashes/
"""
import redis
r = redis . Redis ( decode_responses = True )
res1 = r . hset (
"bike:1" ,
mapping = {
"model" : "Deimos" ,
"brand" : "Ergonom" ,
"type" : "Enduro bikes" ,
"price" : 4972 ,
},
)
print ( res1 )
# >>> 4
res2 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" )
print ( res2 )
# >>> 'Deimos'
res3 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" )
print ( res3 )
# >>> '4972'
res4 = r . hgetall ( "bike:1" )
print ( res4 )
# >>> {'model': 'Deimos', 'brand': 'Ergonom', 'type': 'Enduro bikes', 'price': '4972'}
res5 = r . hmget ( "bike:1" , [ "model" , "price" ])
print ( res5 )
# >>> ['Deimos', '4972']
res6 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 )
print ( res6 )
# >>> 5072
res7 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 )
print ( res7 )
# >>> 4972
res11 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res11 )
# >>> 1
res12 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res12 )
# >>> 2
res13 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res13 )
# >>> 3
res14 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 )
print ( res14 )
# >>> 1
res15 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 )
print ( res15 )
# >>> 1
res16 = r . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" )
print ( res16 )
# >>> 3
res17 = r . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , [ "crashes" , "owners" ])
print ( res17 )
# >>> ['1', '1']
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Node.js
import assert from 'assert' ;
import { createClient } from 'redis' ;
const client = createClient ();
await client . connect ();
const res1 = await client . hSet (
'bike:1' ,
{
'model' : 'Deimos' ,
'brand' : 'Ergonom' ,
'type' : 'Enduro bikes' ,
'price' : 4972 ,
}
)
console . log ( res1 ) // 4
const res2 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'model' )
console . log ( res2 ) // 'Deimos'
const res3 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'price' )
console . log ( res3 ) // '4972'
const res4 = await client . hGetAll ( 'bike:1' )
console . log ( res4 )
/*
{
brand: 'Ergonom',
model: 'Deimos',
price: '4972',
type: 'Enduro bikes'
}
*/
const res5 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1' , [ 'model' , 'price' ])
console . log ( res5 ) // ['Deimos', '4972']
const res6 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , 100 )
console . log ( res6 ) // 5072
const res7 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , - 100 )
console . log ( res7 ) // 4972
const res11 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res11 ) // 1
const res12 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res12 ) // 2
const res13 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res13 ) // 3
const res14 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'crashes' , 1 )
console . log ( res14 ) // 1
const res15 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'owners' , 1 )
console . log ( res15 ) // 1
const res16 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' )
console . log ( res16 ) // 3
const res17 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , [ 'crashes' , 'owners' ])
console . log ( res17 ) // ['1', '1']
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Java
package io.redis.examples ;
import redis.clients.jedis.UnifiedJedis ;
import java.util.HashMap ;
import java.util.List ;
import java.util.Map ;
public class HashExample {
public void run () {
try ( UnifiedJedis jedis = new UnifiedJedis ( "redis://localhost:6379" )) {
Map < String , String > bike1 = new HashMap <>();
bike1 . put ( "model" , "Deimos" );
bike1 . put ( "brand" , "Ergonom" );
bike1 . put ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" );
bike1 . put ( "price" , "4972" );
Long res1 = jedis . hset ( "bike:1" , bike1 );
System . out . println ( res1 ); // 4
String res2 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" );
System . out . println ( res2 ); // Deimos
String res3 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res3 ); // 4972
Map < String , String > res4 = jedis . hgetAll ( "bike:1" );
System . out . println ( res4 ); // {type=Enduro bikes, brand=Ergonom, price=4972, model=Deimos}
List < String > res5 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1" , "model" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res5 ); // [Deimos, 4972]
Long res6 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
System . out . println ( res6 ); // 5072
Long res7 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
System . out . println ( res7 ); // 4972
Long res8 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res8 ); // 1
Long res9 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res9 ); // 2
Long res10 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res10 ); // 3
Long res11 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res11 ); // 1
Long res12 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res12 ); // 1
String res13 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" );
System . out . println ( res13 ); // 3
List < String > res14 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , "owners" );
System . out . println ( res14 ); // [1, 1]
}
}
}
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C#
using NRedisStack.Tests ;
using StackExchange.Redis ;
public class HashExample
{
[SkipIfRedis(Is.OSSCluster)]
public void run ()
{
var muxer = ConnectionMultiplexer . Connect ( "localhost:6379" );
var db = muxer . GetDatabase ();
db . KeyDelete ( "bike:1" );
db . HashSet ( "bike:1" , new HashEntry []
{
new HashEntry ( "model" , "Deimos" ),
new HashEntry ( "brand" , "Ergonom" ),
new HashEntry ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" ),
new HashEntry ( "price" , 4972 )
});
Console . WriteLine ( "Hash Created" );
// Hash Created
var model = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "model" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Model: {model}" );
// Model: Deimos
var price = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "price" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Price: {price}" );
// Price: 4972
var bike = db . HashGetAll ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( "\n" , bike . Select ( b => $"{b.Name}: {b.Value}" )));
// Bike:1:
// model: Deimos
// brand: Ergonom
// type: Enduro bikes
// price: 4972
var values = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "model" , "price" });
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( " " , values ));
// Deimos 4972
var newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 5072
newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 4972
var rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 1
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 2
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 3
var crashes = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "crashes" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Crashes: {crashes}" );
// Crashes: 1
var owners = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "owners" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Owners: {owners}" );
// Owners: 1
var stats = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "crashes" , "owners" });
Console . WriteLine ( $"Bike stats: crashes={stats[0]}, owners={stats[1]}" );
// Bike stats: crashes=1, owners=1
}
}
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There are commands that are able to perform operations on individual fields
as well, like HINCRBY
:
>_ Redis CLI
> HINCRBY bike:1 price 100
(integer) 5072
> HINCRBY bike:1 price -100
(integer) 4972
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Python
"""
Code samples for Hash doc pages:
https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/data-types/hashes/
"""
import redis
r = redis . Redis ( decode_responses = True )
res1 = r . hset (
"bike:1" ,
mapping = {
"model" : "Deimos" ,
"brand" : "Ergonom" ,
"type" : "Enduro bikes" ,
"price" : 4972 ,
},
)
print ( res1 )
# >>> 4
res2 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" )
print ( res2 )
# >>> 'Deimos'
res3 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" )
print ( res3 )
# >>> '4972'
res4 = r . hgetall ( "bike:1" )
print ( res4 )
# >>> {'model': 'Deimos', 'brand': 'Ergonom', 'type': 'Enduro bikes', 'price': '4972'}
res5 = r . hmget ( "bike:1" , [ "model" , "price" ])
print ( res5 )
# >>> ['Deimos', '4972']
res6 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 )
print ( res6 )
# >>> 5072
res7 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 )
print ( res7 )
# >>> 4972
res11 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res11 )
# >>> 1
res12 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res12 )
# >>> 2
res13 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res13 )
# >>> 3
res14 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 )
print ( res14 )
# >>> 1
res15 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 )
print ( res15 )
# >>> 1
res16 = r . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" )
print ( res16 )
# >>> 3
res17 = r . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , [ "crashes" , "owners" ])
print ( res17 )
# >>> ['1', '1']
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Node.js
import assert from 'assert' ;
import { createClient } from 'redis' ;
const client = createClient ();
await client . connect ();
const res1 = await client . hSet (
'bike:1' ,
{
'model' : 'Deimos' ,
'brand' : 'Ergonom' ,
'type' : 'Enduro bikes' ,
'price' : 4972 ,
}
)
console . log ( res1 ) // 4
const res2 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'model' )
console . log ( res2 ) // 'Deimos'
const res3 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'price' )
console . log ( res3 ) // '4972'
const res4 = await client . hGetAll ( 'bike:1' )
console . log ( res4 )
/*
{
brand: 'Ergonom',
model: 'Deimos',
price: '4972',
type: 'Enduro bikes'
}
*/
const res5 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1' , [ 'model' , 'price' ])
console . log ( res5 ) // ['Deimos', '4972']
const res6 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , 100 )
console . log ( res6 ) // 5072
const res7 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , - 100 )
console . log ( res7 ) // 4972
const res11 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res11 ) // 1
const res12 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res12 ) // 2
const res13 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res13 ) // 3
const res14 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'crashes' , 1 )
console . log ( res14 ) // 1
const res15 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'owners' , 1 )
console . log ( res15 ) // 1
const res16 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' )
console . log ( res16 ) // 3
const res17 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , [ 'crashes' , 'owners' ])
console . log ( res17 ) // ['1', '1']
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Java
package io.redis.examples ;
import redis.clients.jedis.UnifiedJedis ;
import java.util.HashMap ;
import java.util.List ;
import java.util.Map ;
public class HashExample {
public void run () {
try ( UnifiedJedis jedis = new UnifiedJedis ( "redis://localhost:6379" )) {
Map < String , String > bike1 = new HashMap <>();
bike1 . put ( "model" , "Deimos" );
bike1 . put ( "brand" , "Ergonom" );
bike1 . put ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" );
bike1 . put ( "price" , "4972" );
Long res1 = jedis . hset ( "bike:1" , bike1 );
System . out . println ( res1 ); // 4
String res2 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" );
System . out . println ( res2 ); // Deimos
String res3 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res3 ); // 4972
Map < String , String > res4 = jedis . hgetAll ( "bike:1" );
System . out . println ( res4 ); // {type=Enduro bikes, brand=Ergonom, price=4972, model=Deimos}
List < String > res5 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1" , "model" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res5 ); // [Deimos, 4972]
Long res6 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
System . out . println ( res6 ); // 5072
Long res7 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
System . out . println ( res7 ); // 4972
Long res8 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res8 ); // 1
Long res9 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res9 ); // 2
Long res10 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res10 ); // 3
Long res11 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res11 ); // 1
Long res12 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res12 ); // 1
String res13 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" );
System . out . println ( res13 ); // 3
List < String > res14 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , "owners" );
System . out . println ( res14 ); // [1, 1]
}
}
}
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C#
using NRedisStack.Tests ;
using StackExchange.Redis ;
public class HashExample
{
[SkipIfRedis(Is.OSSCluster)]
public void run ()
{
var muxer = ConnectionMultiplexer . Connect ( "localhost:6379" );
var db = muxer . GetDatabase ();
db . KeyDelete ( "bike:1" );
db . HashSet ( "bike:1" , new HashEntry []
{
new HashEntry ( "model" , "Deimos" ),
new HashEntry ( "brand" , "Ergonom" ),
new HashEntry ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" ),
new HashEntry ( "price" , 4972 )
});
Console . WriteLine ( "Hash Created" );
// Hash Created
var model = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "model" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Model: {model}" );
// Model: Deimos
var price = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "price" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Price: {price}" );
// Price: 4972
var bike = db . HashGetAll ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( "\n" , bike . Select ( b => $"{b.Name}: {b.Value}" )));
// Bike:1:
// model: Deimos
// brand: Ergonom
// type: Enduro bikes
// price: 4972
var values = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "model" , "price" });
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( " " , values ));
// Deimos 4972
var newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 5072
newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 4972
var rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 1
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 2
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 3
var crashes = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "crashes" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Crashes: {crashes}" );
// Crashes: 1
var owners = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "owners" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Owners: {owners}" );
// Owners: 1
var stats = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "crashes" , "owners" });
Console . WriteLine ( $"Bike stats: crashes={stats[0]}, owners={stats[1]}" );
// Bike stats: crashes=1, owners=1
}
}
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You can find the full list of hash commands in the documentation .
It is worth noting that small hashes (i.e., a few elements with small values) are
encoded in special way in memory that make them very memory efficient.
Basic commands
HSET
: sets the value of one or more fields on a hash.
HGET
: returns the value at a given field.
HMGET
: returns the values at one or more given fields.
HINCRBY
: increments the value at a given field by the integer provided.
See the complete list of hash commands .
Examples
Store counters for the number of times bike:1 has been ridden, has crashed, or has changed owners:
>_ Redis CLI
> HINCRBY bike:1:stats rides 1
(integer) 1
> HINCRBY bike:1:stats rides 1
(integer) 2
> HINCRBY bike:1:stats rides 1
(integer) 3
> HINCRBY bike:1:stats crashes 1
(integer) 1
> HINCRBY bike:1:stats owners 1
(integer) 1
> HGET bike:1:stats rides
"3"
> HMGET bike:1:stats owners crashes
1) "1"
2) "1"
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Python
"""
Code samples for Hash doc pages:
https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/data-types/hashes/
"""
import redis
r = redis . Redis ( decode_responses = True )
res1 = r . hset (
"bike:1" ,
mapping = {
"model" : "Deimos" ,
"brand" : "Ergonom" ,
"type" : "Enduro bikes" ,
"price" : 4972 ,
},
)
print ( res1 )
# >>> 4
res2 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" )
print ( res2 )
# >>> 'Deimos'
res3 = r . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" )
print ( res3 )
# >>> '4972'
res4 = r . hgetall ( "bike:1" )
print ( res4 )
# >>> {'model': 'Deimos', 'brand': 'Ergonom', 'type': 'Enduro bikes', 'price': '4972'}
res5 = r . hmget ( "bike:1" , [ "model" , "price" ])
print ( res5 )
# >>> ['Deimos', '4972']
res6 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 )
print ( res6 )
# >>> 5072
res7 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 )
print ( res7 )
# >>> 4972
res11 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res11 )
# >>> 1
res12 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res12 )
# >>> 2
res13 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 )
print ( res13 )
# >>> 3
res14 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 )
print ( res14 )
# >>> 1
res15 = r . hincrby ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 )
print ( res15 )
# >>> 1
res16 = r . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" )
print ( res16 )
# >>> 3
res17 = r . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , [ "crashes" , "owners" ])
print ( res17 )
# >>> ['1', '1']
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Node.js
import assert from 'assert' ;
import { createClient } from 'redis' ;
const client = createClient ();
await client . connect ();
const res1 = await client . hSet (
'bike:1' ,
{
'model' : 'Deimos' ,
'brand' : 'Ergonom' ,
'type' : 'Enduro bikes' ,
'price' : 4972 ,
}
)
console . log ( res1 ) // 4
const res2 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'model' )
console . log ( res2 ) // 'Deimos'
const res3 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1' , 'price' )
console . log ( res3 ) // '4972'
const res4 = await client . hGetAll ( 'bike:1' )
console . log ( res4 )
/*
{
brand: 'Ergonom',
model: 'Deimos',
price: '4972',
type: 'Enduro bikes'
}
*/
const res5 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1' , [ 'model' , 'price' ])
console . log ( res5 ) // ['Deimos', '4972']
const res6 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , 100 )
console . log ( res6 ) // 5072
const res7 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1' , 'price' , - 100 )
console . log ( res7 ) // 4972
const res11 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res11 ) // 1
const res12 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res12 ) // 2
const res13 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' , 1 )
console . log ( res13 ) // 3
const res14 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'crashes' , 1 )
console . log ( res14 ) // 1
const res15 = await client . hIncrBy ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'owners' , 1 )
console . log ( res15 ) // 1
const res16 = await client . hGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , 'rides' )
console . log ( res16 ) // 3
const res17 = await client . hmGet ( 'bike:1:stats' , [ 'crashes' , 'owners' ])
console . log ( res17 ) // ['1', '1']
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Java
package io.redis.examples ;
import redis.clients.jedis.UnifiedJedis ;
import java.util.HashMap ;
import java.util.List ;
import java.util.Map ;
public class HashExample {
public void run () {
try ( UnifiedJedis jedis = new UnifiedJedis ( "redis://localhost:6379" )) {
Map < String , String > bike1 = new HashMap <>();
bike1 . put ( "model" , "Deimos" );
bike1 . put ( "brand" , "Ergonom" );
bike1 . put ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" );
bike1 . put ( "price" , "4972" );
Long res1 = jedis . hset ( "bike:1" , bike1 );
System . out . println ( res1 ); // 4
String res2 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "model" );
System . out . println ( res2 ); // Deimos
String res3 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res3 ); // 4972
Map < String , String > res4 = jedis . hgetAll ( "bike:1" );
System . out . println ( res4 ); // {type=Enduro bikes, brand=Ergonom, price=4972, model=Deimos}
List < String > res5 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1" , "model" , "price" );
System . out . println ( res5 ); // [Deimos, 4972]
Long res6 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
System . out . println ( res6 ); // 5072
Long res7 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
System . out . println ( res7 ); // 4972
Long res8 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res8 ); // 1
Long res9 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res9 ); // 2
Long res10 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res10 ); // 3
Long res11 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res11 ); // 1
Long res12 = jedis . hincrBy ( "bike:1:stats" , "owners" , 1 );
System . out . println ( res12 ); // 1
String res13 = jedis . hget ( "bike:1:stats" , "rides" );
System . out . println ( res13 ); // 3
List < String > res14 = jedis . hmget ( "bike:1:stats" , "crashes" , "owners" );
System . out . println ( res14 ); // [1, 1]
}
}
}
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C#
using NRedisStack.Tests ;
using StackExchange.Redis ;
public class HashExample
{
[SkipIfRedis(Is.OSSCluster)]
public void run ()
{
var muxer = ConnectionMultiplexer . Connect ( "localhost:6379" );
var db = muxer . GetDatabase ();
db . KeyDelete ( "bike:1" );
db . HashSet ( "bike:1" , new HashEntry []
{
new HashEntry ( "model" , "Deimos" ),
new HashEntry ( "brand" , "Ergonom" ),
new HashEntry ( "type" , "Enduro bikes" ),
new HashEntry ( "price" , 4972 )
});
Console . WriteLine ( "Hash Created" );
// Hash Created
var model = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "model" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Model: {model}" );
// Model: Deimos
var price = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , "price" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Price: {price}" );
// Price: 4972
var bike = db . HashGetAll ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( "bike:1" );
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( "\n" , bike . Select ( b => $"{b.Name}: {b.Value}" )));
// Bike:1:
// model: Deimos
// brand: Ergonom
// type: Enduro bikes
// price: 4972
var values = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "model" , "price" });
Console . WriteLine ( string . Join ( " " , values ));
// Deimos 4972
var newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 5072
newPrice = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "price" , - 100 );
Console . WriteLine ( $"New price: {newPrice}" );
// New price: 4972
var rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 1
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 2
rides = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "rides" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Rides: {rides}" );
// Rides: 3
var crashes = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "crashes" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Crashes: {crashes}" );
// Crashes: 1
var owners = db . HashIncrement ( "bike:1" , "owners" );
Console . WriteLine ( $"Owners: {owners}" );
// Owners: 1
var stats = db . HashGet ( "bike:1" , new RedisValue [] { "crashes" , "owners" });
Console . WriteLine ( $"Bike stats: crashes={stats[0]}, owners={stats[1]}" );
// Bike stats: crashes=1, owners=1
}
}
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Field expiration
New in Redis Community Edition 7.4 is the ability to specify an expiration time or a time-to-live (TTL) value for individual hash fields.
This capability is comparable to key expiration and includes a number of similar commands.
Use the following commands to set either an exact expiration time or a TTL value for specific fields:
HEXPIRE
: set the remaining TTL in seconds.
HPEXPIRE
: set the remaining TTL in milliseconds.
HEXPIREAT
: set the expiration time to a timestamp specified in seconds.
HPEXPIREAT
: set the expiration time to a timestamp specified in milliseconds.
Use the following commands to retrieve either the exact time when or the remaining TTL until specific fields will expire:
HEXPIRETIME
: get the expiration time as a timestamp in seconds.
HPEXPIRETIME
: get the expiration time as a timestamp in milliseconds.
HTTL
: get the remaining TTL in seconds.
HPTTL
: get the remaining TTL in milliseconds.
Use the following command to remove the expiration of specific fields:
Common field expiration use cases
Event Tracking : Use a hash key to store events from the last hour. Set each event's TTL to one hour. Use HLEN
to count events from the past hour.
Fraud Detection : Create a hash with hourly counters for events. Set each field's TTL to 48 hours. Query the hash to get the number of events per hour for the last 48 hours.
Customer Session Management : Store customer data in hash keys. Create a new hash key for each session and add a session field to the customer’s hash key. Expire both the session key and the session field in the customer’s hash key automatically when the session expires.
Active Session Tracking : Store all active sessions in a hash key. Set each session's TTL to expire automatically after inactivity. Use HLEN
to count active sessions.
Field expiration examples
Support for hash field expiration in the official client libraries is not yet available, but you can test hash field expiration now with beta versions of the Python (redis-py) and Java (Jedis) client libraries.
Following are some Python examples that demonstrate how to use field expiration.
Consider a hash data set for storing sensor data that has the following structure:
event = {
'air_quality' : 256 ,
'Battery_level' : 89
}
client . hset ( 'sensor:sensor1' , mapping = event )
Set and retrieve the TTL for multiple fields in a hash:
# set the TTL for two hash fields to 60 seconds
client . hexpire ( 'sensor:sensor1' , 60 , 'air_quality' , 'battery_level' )
ttl = client . httl ( 'sensor:sensor1' , 'air_quality' , 'battery_level' )
print ( ttl )
# prints [60]
Set and retrieve a hash field's TTL in milliseconds:
# set the TTL of the 'air_quality' field in milliseconds
client . hpexpire ( 'sensor:sensor1' , 60000 , 'air_quality' )
# and retrieve it
pttl = client . hpttl ( 'sensor:sensor1' , 'air_quality' )
print ( pttl )
# prints [60000]
Set and retrieve a hash field’s expiration timestamp:
# set the expiration of 'air_quality' to now + 24 hours
# (similar to setting the TTL to 24 hours)
client . hexpireat ( 'sensor:sensor1' ,
datetime . now () + timedelta ( hours = 24 ),
'air_quality' )
# and retrieve it
expire_time = client . hexpiretime ( 'sensor:sensor1' , 'air_quality' )
print ( expire_time )
# prints [1717668041]
Most Redis hash commands are O(1).
A few commands, such as HKEYS
, HVALS
, HGETALL
, and most of the expiration-related commands, are O(n), where n is the number of field-value pairs.
Limits
Every hash can store up to 4,294,967,295 (2^32 - 1) field-value pairs.
In practice, your hashes are limited only by the overall memory on the VMs hosting your Redis deployment.
Learn more